Increased depletion has recently started occurring over the arctic as well. There are natural processes that create and destroy ozone in the stratosphere. Depletion of the ozone layer occurs globally, however, the severe depletion of the ozone layer over the antarctic is often referred to as the ozone hole. There are suggestions below for improving the article. Are montreal protocol controls of ozone depleting substances also.
Aware that meaeures taken to protect the ozone layer from depletion ahould be baaed on relevant ecientific knowledge, taking into account teclmical and economic conaiderationa, deterained to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary aea1ure1 to. As greenhouse gases are emitted and increase, the ozone layer decreases, making planet earth more vulnerable to changes in climate, temperature and the introduction of more uv rays from the sun. The world health organization was established in 1948 as a. The pdf format allows you to create documents in countless applications and share them with others for viewing. Ozone depletion was the subject of a recent international agreement calling for a reduction in the production of chlorofluorocarbons cfcs, which destroy ozone in the stratosphere.
There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion. Ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due to the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities. Most electronic documents such as software manuals, hardware manuals and ebooks come in the pdf portable document format file format. The united states is one of 39 countries that have signed the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, which went into effect in 1989. As a result, there has been a general thinning of the ozone layer over most of the globe, including between five to nine per cent depletion over australia since the 1960s. One example of ozone depletion is the annual ozone hole over antarctica that has occurred during the antarctic spring since the early 1980s. Ozone depletion and global warming overview page 1 of 5 halocarbons are chemical compounds containing carbon, one or more halogens, and sometimes hydrogen. When highenergy ultraviolet rays uvc strike an oxygen. Research into ozone depletion has therefore focused largely.
A warming trend and stratospheric ozone depletion have been observed in europe over the last four decades. The thinning of the ozone layer has increased the risk that australians already face from overexposure to uv radiation from an outdoor lifestyle. Ozone depletion required twenty questions and answers. Skeptics vs ozone hole lunar and planetary laboratory. It protects us from harmful uv rays that can have serious effects on animals, biodiversity and peoples health, including skin cancer and eye cataract. At the end of 20, 258 projects have been committed for an amount of 299m. This happens when the chlorine and bromine atoms in the atmosphere come in contact with ozone and destroy the ozone molecules. This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system.
Ozone depletion,on the other hand,is about how certain industrially produced chemicals containing chlorine or bromine are damaging the earths protective ozone layer, thus increasing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation at the earths surface figure 2b. The ozone layer is being destroyed by cfcs and other substances. Satellite data indicate that the ozone hole in 2003 developed rapidly and. Experts blame ozone layer depletion on manmade chemicals containing chlorine and bromine that are emitted from a. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, and what could lie ahead for the ozone layer. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems. The answers are updates of those first presented in the previous ozone assessment, scientific assessment of ozone depletion. Since the early 1970s, researchers across the globe have been working to understand the ozone layer, the causes of its depletion, and the effects of ozone layer depletion on humans and the.
Ozone depletion and global warming an integrated approach. Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere. In 1987, leaders from many countries came together to sign a. When there was no ozone layer, life could only exist in the sea. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. The ozone layer, cfcs and global warming objectives subjects. Ozone is a gas that occurs both at groundlevel and in the earths upper atmosphere, known as the stratosphere. Stratospheric ozone depletion noaa earth system research. By michelle rae uy 24 january 2020 knowing how to combine pdf files isnt reserved. The cfcs that deplete the ozone layer are also heattrapping ghg greenhouse gases. The ozone layer is being damaged by pollutants in the air that are mostly manmade, such as chlorine and bromine.
Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps. Ozone depletion there is a clear and significant advantage, in terms of ozone depletion to remove halon 1 from service and replace it with any one of the replacements discussed here. One of the fun things about computers is playing with programs like paint. The chemical structure of ozone is shown in the following diagram. The ozone damage occurs in the stratosphe the ozone layer is being damaged by pollutants in the air that are mostly manmade.
Ozone secretariat the secretariat for the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer united nations environment programme nairobi, kenya ozone. Together, they describe what ozone, the ozone layer, ozone depletion and the ozone hole are, how ozone depletion occurs, mankinds influence, its impacts, and the international agreements put in place to control it. You can use the tools in paint to add something to a different document. Ozone and uv changes the smaller ozone hole in the spring of 2002 should not be interpreted as a sign of early recovery of the ozone layer the extent of antarctic ozone depletion varies greatly from year to year depending on meteorological conditions. In fact, the ozone depletion was far worse than molina and roland had predicted. One chlorine can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone. Supernova, ozone, earth environmental science institute. In this project, i will be discussing ozone depletion. In the stratosphere, however, ozone forms a layer that protects life on earth from the suns harmful ultraviolet uv rays. Global warming and the depletion of the ozone o3 layer. Ozone depletioncauses and effects midnapore college. Prolonged exposure to uvb radiation is linked to skin cancer, genetic damage and immune system suppression in humans and animals, and lower yielding agricultural crops. As our scientific knowledge about ozone depletion grew, so too did the response to the issue. At ground level, ozone is a pollutant that can harm human health.
Ozone up high is a necessary ingredient for keeping earth protected from harmful uv radiation. Phasing out hcfc refrigerants to protect the ozone layer. Since the students may not have complete chemical knowledge of ozone, it is important to emphasize the following main ideas. Ozone depletion is not limited to the area over the south pole. The ozone layer is up in the stratosphere protecting us from the harmful uv rays emitted by the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer results in increased uv. The elimination of cfcs will remove one source of greenhouse gasesso its slightly positive in addressing climate change. Without the ozone layer, detrimental effects can range from premature aging in the skin to multiple types of skin cancer. The ozone layer is a key component to all life on earth. Protecting the ozone layer department of the environment. The exposure to these radiations is severely affecting all life forms on earth. This study was conducted at university of gujrat during 20142015 as a term paper for master of philosophy. The causes, mechanism and bioeffects of ozone layer depletion on humans were addressed.
When there was no ozone layer, life could only exist in. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. Understand the difference between groundlevel and stratospheric ozone 2. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers. Prolonged exposure to uvb radiation is linked to skin cancer, genetic damage and immune. Humangenerated cfcs were indeed destroying earths protective ozone layer. The main culprits seem to be a class of chemical compounds called chlorofluorocarbons, or cfcs. Issues related to hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons ipccteap, 2005. Is depletion of the ozone layer the principal cause of global climate change. Less dramatic, but still significant, depletion of ozone levels has been recorded around the globe. The ozone layer is composed the function of the ozone layer is to shield the earth from the harmful ultraviolet.
Data shows that stratospheric concentrations of ozone. The ozone hole 12 explaining the ozone hole the role of polar stratospheric clouds 14 summary of conditions for the ozone hole 16 iv. Ozone depletion progressing globally except in the tropical zone. Adobe designed the portable document format, or pdf, to be a document platform viewable on virtually any modern operating system. Ozone protects living organisms by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation uvb from the sun. The ozone layer, situated in the stratosphere about 15 to 30 km above the earths surface. However, the ozone layer is destroyed by manmade chemicals known as ozone depleting substances ods.
What is ozone depletion burning issues free pdf download. Depletion of the ozone layer increase in harmful ultraviolet light depletion of ozone layer chlorine reacts with o3 in the ozone depletion of the ozone layer impact on human body and ecosystems ozone layer depletion incoming harmful ultraviolet light depletion chain reaction q. Additional research has shown that ozone depletion occurs over every continent. The hypothesis on the formation of the ozone hole due to the action of some molecules emitted by. Ozone depletion is a real concern and while efforts to help have been successful in. Protecting the ozone layer department of agriculture, water and. In fact, the ozone depletion was far worse than molina and. In response to public concern about ozone depletion to study the chemistry and dynamics of stratospheric ozone. Pdf is a hugely popular format for documents simply because it is independent of the hardware or application used to create that file. About the ozone layer pdf file optional executive summary. The european environment and health committee identified the need to assess these topics in 1997, as part of the leadup to the third ministerial conference on envi. The montreal protocol 1 deals with substances that deplete the ozone layer ods and how to reduce them montreal protocol, 1987 and amendmentsadjustments. The stratospheric ozone layer forms a thin shield in the upper atmosphere, protecting life on earth from.
The thinning of the ozone layer has increased the risk that australians already face from overexposure to. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be renominated. The antarctic hole now measures about 9 million square miles, nearly the size of north america. It sets binding obligations for countries to phase out production of all the major ozone depleting substances. Ozone depletion the decomposition and production ofthe good ozone is a natural process. Ozone depletion is allowing the uv radiation to earth surface. As can be seen from figure 1 it makes very little difference whether halon 1 is replaced with a zero. Ozone depletion was a good articles nominee, but did not meet the good article criteria at the time. Viewadd contributions objects highlighted in green contain terms from your search. With so much worry about the rapid ozone depletion taking place in various parts of the earth, indian scientists are closely monitoring the ozone layer over india for possible depletion trends. Read on to find out just how to combine multiple pdf files on macos and windows 10. Timeline of stratospheric ozone depletion and observations.
Depletion of ozone layer depletion of stratospheric ozone ozone hole ozone layer reduction. Ozone o 3 a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen bluish gas that is harmful to breathe nearly 90% of the earths ozone is in the stratosphere and is referred to as the ozone layer ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called uvb ozone layer ozone is a triatomic form of oxygen o3 found in earths upper and lower atmosphere. Scientists had been predicting significant changes in the ozone layer since the. The causes, mechanism and bioeffects of ozone layer.
If your pdf reader is displaying an error instead of opening a pdf file, chances are that the file is c. Ozone depleting chemicals odc excise tax audit techniques guide. Instratosphere,it acts as a protective layer as it absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiation and does not allow it to. The function of the ozone layer is to shield the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun and to keep the earth warm. The good ozone layer is located between 20 km and 40 km above the earths surface and is very important to all life on earth, as it stops harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the earths surface. The question is often asked why the world moved so quickly in dealing with ozone layer depletion, yet has moved so slowly in addressing the equally critical problem of climate change. The current state of this problem has briefly been considered. Some halocarbons ozone depleting substances, or odss deplete the ozone layer, while others greenhouse gases, or ghgs are thought to contribute to global warming. No one had imagined that ozone depletions like the 50% losses. The stratospheric ozone layer forms a thin shield in the upper atmosphere, protecting life on earth from the suns ultraviolet uv rays. Emissions of certain synthetic chemicalsincluding cfcs, halons, and hcfcsdestroy the ozone layer, and have created an ozone hole over the south pole.
Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. The paint program can help you make new image files, but it cannot open document or pdf file. In comparison with the earlier assessments on effects oracle essentials oracle database 11g pdf of openoffice edit pdf files ozone depletion, the present. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. How to shrink a pdf file that is too large techwalla.
Ozone depletion is not causing global warming ozone depletion isnt a major cause of global warming but is indirectly related. This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. In this photograph, the two lowest layers of the atmosphere, the troposphere and the stratosphere, are clearly visible. Explain the greenhouse effect and its potential harmful effects. Within the stratosphere, the ozone layer is the portion that contains the highest. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Near the ground, ozone is considered a pollutant and is a primary ingredient. Cfcs has led to a magnified springtime depletion of the protective ozone layer at both earths poles, especially over antarctica, a phenomenon well known as the ozone hole. The good ozone layer is located between 20 km and 40 km above the earths surface and is very important to all life on earth, as it stops harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the.
Some compounds release chlorine and bromine on exposure to high ultraviolet light, which then contributes to the ozone layer depletion. To the point where a seasonal hole in the ozone layer began to appear above the antarctic. This is not really a hole through the ozone layer, but rather a large area of the stratosphere with extremely low amounts of ozone. Since ozone is the earths protection against ultraviolet uv radiation, a reduction in the ozone layer causes more uvb wavelengths to reach the surface of the earth. The fact sheet series is aimed at students involved in key stage 4 of the national. To combine pdf files into a single pdf document is easier than it looks. The health effect on humans from ozone depletion is widely varied. Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. One of the main reasons for the widespread concern about depletion of the ozone layer is the anticipated increase in the amounts of ultraviolet. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Is the ozone layer recovering after the historic montreal protocol. However, the stunning discovery of the antarctic ozone hole in 1985 proved the skeptics wrong.
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